🧪️ UI State Management is Too Complex

✅ Problem Overview

In many UI implementations, the display and behavior change based on application state.
As conditions like “if this flag is true, show the button” or “show loading while submitting” increase, UI logic tends to become scattered, which makes the code difficult to read, maintain, and test.

This often leads to:

• Conditional rendering logic embedded deeply inside components
• Difficulty in tracking when and how state changes occur
• Lack of consistent patterns in handling UI updates

✅ Solution Overview

Separate state behavior using the State pattern and notify UI components of state changes via the Observer pattern.

Concern	Design Pattern Applied
Behavior switching based on state	State
Broadcasting state changes to the UI	Observer

This approach separates state control and UI rendering, leading to a more scalable and maintainable structure.

✅ Pattern Synergy

Role	Implementation Example
State holder	FormState (State interface)
Concrete states	IdleState, SubmittingState, etc.
State change trigger	FormController (Subject)
UI renderer	FormView (Observer)

The State pattern manages state-specific logic,
while Observer enables reactive UI updates in response to state transitions—ensuring clarity and flexibility in UI behavior.

✅ UML Class Diagram

✅ Explanation

In this design, state transitions like "idle" or "submitting" are encapsulated in FormState and its concrete implementations.
The FormController handles state switching and notifies FormView instances to reflect changes.

This results in:

• Clear separation of behavior per state
• Automatic UI updates triggered by state transitions
• Less coupling between state logic and UI rendering

Ultimately, the design helps manage complexity while enabling clean stateful UI behavior.

✅ Practical Benefits and Use Cases

• ✅ Easy to extend with new UI states
• ✅ Reduces conditional rendering logic in views
• ✅ Makes UI predictable and testable across states

Ideal for forms, dashboards, multi-step wizards, modals—any interface where UI varies depending on current state.

✅ Summary

• State cleanly encapsulates behavior per state class
• Observer enables efficient and decoupled UI updates
• Together, they provide a highly maintainable and scalable UI update system

This pattern combination greatly enhances clarity, reliability, and flexibility in UI-driven applications.